מבחן בגרות אנגלית מודול e מתכונת חדשה לדוגמא, הכולל הסברים לתשובות.
Module e bagrut new format - including explanations.
(ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM WRITTEN TEXTS)
Read the article below and then answer questions 1–9.
A glossary of the underlined words (numbers 1–8) is provided on the next page.
I In recent years, cities around the world have become more crowded, and green spaces are disappearing. Many people live in apartments with no access to a private garden. At the same time, more people are interested in eating healthy food and protecting the environment. These two problems have led to a growing trend: urban gardening. Urban gardens are small areas in cities where people grow vegetables, fruit, and flowers – sometimes even on rooftops¹ or small balconies.
II In Tokyo, for example, there are now over 1,000 community gardens. These are places where local residents² come together to plant and care for a shared garden. Some people bring seeds and tools³, others bring water, and everyone helps. “It’s not just about the plants,” says garden designer Yuki Tanaka. “It’s about building connections between neighbors. You meet people, share stories, and feel more part of the community.”
III Urban gardening also brings health benefits. First, it encourages physical activity. People spend time outdoors⁴, digging, planting, and watering. This helps reduce stress and improves mood. Second, people who grow their own vegetables usually eat more fresh food. “It changes the way you shop and eat,” says Maria Lopez, a gardener in Madrid. “Instead of buying packaged⁵ vegetables from the supermarket, I pick tomatoes from my garden.”
IV In some cities, schools have even added gardens to their programs. In Chicago, hundreds of students now grow plants as part of science lessons. Teachers say that students are more excited to learn when they can touch and see real plants. “They learn responsibility⁶ and teamwork⁷,” explains teacher Robert Green. “And they develop a strong connection to nature, even in the middle of the city.”
V Urban gardens are not perfect. They need space, time, and effort to maintain⁸. In many cities, there is not enough land. In others, the air or soil may be polluted. But even small gardens can make a big difference. “If every building had one green space,” says Tanaka, “cities would be more beautiful, people would be healthier, and the environment would be cleaner.”
Answer questions 1–9 in English according to the article.
In questions 1, 3, 7, and 9, circle the number of the correct answer.
In the other questions, follow the instructions.
1. What problem is mentioned in paragraph I?
i) People are tired of working indoors.
ii) There is less green space in cities.
iii) Apartment buildings are too expensive.
iv) More people are eating unhealthy food.
(8 points)
2. What do people do in community gardens? (paragraph II)
COMPLETE THE SENTENCE:
They .....
(8 points)
3. What is one benefit of urban gardening mentioned in paragraph III?
i) It makes plants grow faster.
ii) It lowers the price of vegetables.
iii) It helps people be more active and healthy.
iv) It teaches people how to sell vegetables.
(8 points)
4. What change did gardening bring to Maria Lopez’s life? (paragraph III)
COMPLETE THE SENTENCE:
She started .....
(7 points)
5. Why are schools adding gardens to their programs? (paragraph IV)
COMPLETE THE ANSWER:
Because students .....
(8 points)
6. What values do students learn by working in a garden? Mention TWO. (paragraph IV)
COMPLETE THE SENTENCE:
They learn .....
(8 points)
7. What is one challenge of creating urban gardens? (paragraph V)
i) Plants grow too quickly in cities.
ii) Not everyone likes gardening.
iii) Many cities don’t allow public gardens.
iv) There is not always enough space or clean soil.
(8 points)
8. According to Tanaka, what would happen if every building had a garden? (paragraph V)
ANSWER:
.....
(7 points)
9. In line 29, the phrase “make a big difference” means:
i) Create a big problem.
ii) Have a positive effect.
iii) Start a new business.
iv) Grow plants faster.
(8 points)
(VOCABULARY)
Below are five questions, (10) to (14). In each question, there are six items (words or chunks) and three definitions.
Match three of the items 1–6 to the correct definitions.
Write the number of the item next to the definition.(2 points for each correct match)
✦ to stop something from happening → ______
✦ to say you are not happy about something → ______
✦ to have enough money to pay for something → ______
✦ someone who is traveling in a car, bus, or train but is not the driver → ______
✦ someone who lives near your home → ______
✦ someone who gives information or leads a group → ______
✦ someone who behaves nicely and with good manners → ______
✦ someone you can trust to do what they say → ______
✦ someone who is full of energy and does things often → ______
✦ right away, without waiting → ______
✦ in a way that shows attention and thought → ______
✦ in the end → ______
✦ to escape or leave suddenly → ______
✦ to appear or arrive somewhere → ______
✦ to become happier or make someone feel better → ______
Answers:
תשובה נכונה:
ii) There is less green space in cities.
תשובה:
They work together to grow plants and take care of the garden.
הסבר:
כתוב:
“local residents come together to plant and care for a shared garden.”
– כלומר, הם משתפים פעולה בטיפול בגינה.
טיפ:
בשאלות כאלה, העתיקו את המשמעות הכללית של משפט מהטקסט – אבל במילים שלכם. אל תכתבו מילה במילה אלא תראו שהבנתם את התוכן.
תשובה:
iii) It helps people be more active and healthy.
הסבר:
בפסקה נכתב:
“It encourages physical activity... helps reduce stress... improves mood.”
אם מציעים תשובה עם כמה יתרונות – נסו לראות אם כמה רעיונות מהטקסט תואמים לה. זו דרך לזהות תשובה "חזקה" שמבוססת על מידע אמיתי מהטקסט.
תשובה:
She started picking her own vegetables instead of buying them.
הסבר:
מריה אומרת:
“Instead of buying packaged vegetables... I pick tomatoes from my garden.”
טיפ:
חפשו מילים של השוואה או שינוי – instead of, now, used to, before, after. אלו רמזים לשינוי – שזו מהות השאלה כאן.
תשובה לדוגמה:
Because students are more excited to learn when they interact with real plants.
הסבר:
“Students are more excited to learn when they can touch and see real plants.”
– מראה על שיפור בגישה ללמידה.
טיפ:
במבחנים כששואלים על "why", חפשו תמיד את הסיבה הישירה עם מילים כמו because, so that, in order to. אל תנחשו כוונה שלא נכתבה במפורש.
תשובה:
“They learn responsibility and teamwork.”
טיפ: אם התשובה מופיעה כמעט מילה במילה – אל תתביישו להשתמש בה. זה מראה שהבנתם ושמתם לב לפרטים הקטנים.
תשובה:
iv) There is not always enough space or clean soil.
הסבר:
“There is not enough land. In others, the air or soil may be polluted.”
טיפ:
במקרים כאלה, שאלות על "בעיה" או "קושי", חפשו ביטויים של קושי כמו not enough, polluted, hard to, difficult to maintain.
תשובה לדוגמה:
Cities would be more beautiful, people would be healthier, and the environment would be cleaner.
“cities would be more beautiful, people would be healthier, and the environment would be cleaner.”
תשובה נכונה:
ii) Have a positive effect.
הסבר:
ההקשר היה חיובי:
“even small gardens can make a big difference… the environment would be cleaner.”
– מדובר על שינוי חיובי ומשמעותי.
טיפ:
כדי להבין ביטוי, תמיד קראו את המשפט כולו. אל תנסו לתרגם כל מילה – הבינו לפי ההקשר הכללי אם זה משהו טוב, רע, שגרתי, או חריג.
10.
✦ to stop something from happening → 6 (to prevent)
✦ to say you are not happy about something → 4 (to complain)
✦ to have enough money to pay for something → 2 (to afford)
11.
✦ someone who is traveling in a car, bus, or train but is not the driver → 3 (a passenger)
✦ someone who lives near your home → 2 (a neighbor)
✦ someone who gives information or leads a group → 6 (a guide)
12.
✦ someone who behaves nicely and with good manners → 1 (polite)
✦ someone you can trust to do what they say → 3 (reliable)
✦ someone who is full of energy and does things often → 6 (active)
13.
✦ right away, without waiting → 6 (immediately)
✦ in a way that shows attention and thought → 5 (carefully)
✦ in the end → 1 (finally)
14.
✦ to escape or leave suddenly → 5 (to run away)
✦ to appear or arrive somewhere → 4 (to show up)
✦ to become happier or make someone feel better → 6 (to cheer up)
